Archive for September 26th, 2009

Digitek Digoxin Recalled Due to Manufacturing Defect

Saturday, September 26th, 2009
Katie Kelley asked:


Digoxin, also known as Digitalis, Lanoxin, Digitek, and Lanoxicaps, is a refined plant extract, a purified cardiac glycoside (drugs used in the treatment of congestive heart failure and arrythmia). Digoxin is commonly marketed under the names Lanoxin, Digitek, and Lanoxicaps.

Digoxin has been used in the treatment of various heart conditions, namely atrial fibrilation and atrial flutter, both abnormal heart rhythms It is sometimes prescribed for heart failure that cannot be controlled by other medication. Antiarrhythmic agents are a group of pharmaceuticals that are used to suppress cardiac arrhythmias, such as atrial fibrillation, atrial flutter, ventricular tachycardia and ventricular fibrillation.

While the use of anti-arrhythmic agents to suppress atrial arrhythmia is still in practice, it is unclear whether suppression of atrial arrhythmia will prolong life. It was believed that following a heart attack, suppression of arrhythmia would prolong life, however large clinical trials found that suppression of these arrhythmia would paradoxically increase mortality. This may happen due to the pro-arrhythmic effect these drugs could potentially create in the patient.

The use of digoxin in heart problems during sinus rhythm(normal heart beat)was once standard, but is now controversial. While it appears that the increased force of contraction should lead to improved pumping function of the heart, its effect on prognosis is questionable; additionally, other effective treatments are available, making the use of the medication during sinus rhythm an unnecessary risk.

Nor is Digoxin the first choice for congestive heart failure, although it can still be useful in patients who remain symptomatic despite proper diuretic and ACE inhibitor(another pharmaceutical regimen) treatment. It has fallen out of favor because it was proven to be ineffective at decreasing the duration of heart disease, as well as in the reduction of numbers of deaths with regard to congestive heart failure. It has been shown to increase quality of life in some cases.

Digoxin is usually given by mouth, but can also be given by IV injection in urgent situations. The half life is about 36 hours; it is given once daily, usually in 125 g or 250 g dosing. In patients with decreased kidney function the half life is considerably longer, calling for a reduction in dosing or a switch to a different medication, such as digitoxin, a similar medication.

Common digoxin side effects can include: loss of appetite, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, blurred vision, visual disturbances (yellow-green halos), confusion, drowsiness, dizziness, nightmares, agitation, and/or depression. Less frequent adverse effects include: acute psychosis, delirium, amnesia, and the possibility of life-threatening heart complications, including additional arrythmia episodes and heart failure. Additionally, Digoxin has been shown to be deadly in overdose situations.

Any patient who believes they may have been negatively affected by digoxin, whether it was marketed as Digitek or some other brand, should immediately contact a health professional to evaluate their condition.



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Atrial Fibrillation - Causes, Symptoms, Treatment

Saturday, September 26th, 2009
peterhutch asked:


 

Atrial fibrillation describes an irregular and often rapid heart rhythm. The irregular rhythm, or arrhythmia, results from abnormal electrical impulses in the heart. The irregularity can be continuous, or it can come and go. Normal heart contractions begin as an electrical impulse in the right atrium. This impulse comes from an area of the atrium called the sinoatrial (SA) or sinus node, the “natural pacemaker.”

Atrial fibrillation is increasingly common with advancing age. During atrial fibrillation, the heart’s two upper chambers (the atria) beat chaotically and irregularly — out of coordination with the two lower chambers (the ventricles) of the heart. The result is an irregular and often rapid heart rate that causes poor blood flow to the body and symptoms of heart palpitations, shortness of breath and weakness. Most people with atrial fibrillation have an increased risk of developing blood clots that may lead to stroke.

Causes

The heart has four chambers. The upper two chambers are the atria, and the lower two chambers are the ventricles. Blood returning to the heart from the body in the superior and inferior vena cava contains low levels of oxygen and high levels of carbon dioxide. This blood flows into the right atrium and then into the adjacent right ventricle. After the ventricle fills, contraction of the right atrium pumps additional blood into the right ventricle. The right ventricle then contracts and pumps the blood to the lungs where the blood takes up oxygen and gives off carbon dioxide. The blood then flows from the lungs to the left atrium and into the adjacent left ventricle.

Symptoms

Atrial fibrillation is a type of arrhythmia, in which the two upper chambers of the heart called the atria, quiver instead of beat effectively. This may result in rapid and irregular impulses in the atrium — as fast as 300 per minute — which typically causes a faster than normal and irregular ventricular rhythm.

You may have atrial fibrillation without having any symptoms at all. If you have symptoms, they may include:

* Heart palpitations (a sudden pounding, fluttering, or racing feeling in the chest).

* Lack of energy; feeling over-tired.

* Dizziness (feeling faint or light-headed).

Treatment

Medications are used to slow down rapid heart rate associated with AF. These treatments may include drugs such as digoxin, beta blockers (atenolol, metoprolol, propranolol), amiodarone, disopyramide, calcium antagonists (verapamil, diltiazam), sotalol, flecainide, procainamide, quinidine, propafenone, etc. Electrical cardioversion may be used to restore normal heart rhythm with an electric shock, when medication doesn’t improve symptoms.

There are three classes of heart-function drugs that can be used alone, or in combination to reduce the heart rate. They are digitalis drugs, beta blockers drugs and calcium channel blocker drugs. Digitalis drugs such as digoxin (Lanoxin) are used to increase the force of heart muscles contractions, making the heart work more efficiently. They also slow down abnormally rapid nerve impulses as they pass through the atria to the ventricles. This action allows the ventricles time to fill up with blood and empty normally with each contraction. Beta blockers such as atenolol (Tenormin), metoprolol (Lopressor), or propranolol (Inderal) are used to slow heart rate and reduce the force of contraction of the heart muscle.



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